The “Big Beautiful Bill” is the House Republicans' newest tax-cut and spending bill aimed at carrying out President Trump’s domestic agenda. According to congressional summaries, the approximately $4.5 trillion bill extends all of Trump’s 2017 tax cuts. It also cuts roughly $1.2 trillion from safety-net programs, including Medicaid and food assistance, through new work requirements. At the same time, it allocates hundreds of billions towards border security and Trump’s deportation agenda. Many clean-energy tax credits would also be eliminated, and the plan raises the debt ceiling by approximately $5 trillion to avoid default. Overall, the bill encompasses most of Trump’s key priorities, including significant tax cuts, stricter immigration control, and large cuts in spending towards social programs.
Republicans frame the bill as fulfilling Trump’s campaign promises as a thorough conservative reform package. GOP leaders note it compiles a “long list of priorities into his 'one big beautiful bill’” and say it will stimulate growth by avoiding tax hikes. House Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La.) named it “one big beautiful bill” that would make the country “stronger, safer, and more prosperous.” Democrats uniformly oppose the bill. They portray it as mainly helping rich Americans. Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries (D-N.Y.) led an all-night House speech, criticizing the proposal as “a disgusting abomination” and a “trickle-down cruelty” that endangers everyday families.
By July 3, 2025, the bill had passed in the Senate and was on the House floor.. The Senate approved the bill by the narrowest margin on July 2, 51-50, with Vice President Vance casting the tie-breaking vote. On July 3, 2025, the House held its final vote. According to press reports, the bill passed largely along party lines and was sent to President Trump to sign.